Draft Qualitative Research

Draft Qualitative Research

PICOT

Prepare this assignment as a 1,500-1,750 word paper using the instructor feedback from the previous course assignments and the guidelines below.

PICOT Question 

Revise the PICOT question you wrote in the Topic 1 assignment using the feedback you received from your instructor.

The final PICOT question will provide a framework for your capstone project (the project students must complete during their final course in the RN-BSN program of study).

Research Critiques

In the Topic 2 and Topic 3 assignments, you completed a qualitative and quantitative research critique on two articles for each type of study (4 articles total). Use the feedback you received from your instructor on these assignments to finalize the critical analysis of each study by making appropriate revisions.

The completed analysis should connect to your identified practice problem of interest that is the basis for your PICOT question.

Refer to “Research Critiques and PICOT Guidelines – Final Draft.” Questions under each heading should be addressed as a narrative in the structure of a formal paper.

Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change

Discuss the link between the PICOT question, the research articles, and the nursing practice problem you identified. Include relevant details and supporting explanation and use that information to propose evidence-based practice changes.

Research Critique Guidelines

To write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of the research study conducted, address each component below for qualitative study in the Topic 2 assignment and the quantitative study in the Topic 3 assignment.

Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide a rationale, include examples, or reference content from the study in your responses.

Qualitative Study

Background of Study:

· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.

· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.

· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.

· List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.

· Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem?

Method of Study:

· Were qualitative methods appropriate to answer the research questions?

· Did the author identify a specific perspective from which the study was developed? If so, what was it?

· Did the author cite quantitative and qualitative studies relevant to the focus of the study? What other types of literature did the author include?

· Are the references current? For qualitative studies, the author may have included studies older than the 5-year limit typically used for quantitative studies. Findings of older qualitative studies may be relevant to a qualitative study.

· Did the author evaluate or indicate the weaknesses of the available studies?

· Did the literature review include adequate information to build a logical argument?

· When a researcher uses the grounded theory method of qualitative inquiry, the researcher may develop a framework or diagram as part of the findings of the study. Was a framework developed from the study findings?

 

Results of Study

· What were the study findings?

· What are the implications to nursing?

· Explain how the findings contribute to nursing knowledge/science. Would this impact practice, education, administration, or all areas of nursing?

Ethical Considerations

· Was the study approved by an Institutional Review Board?

· Was patient privacy protected?

· Were there ethical considerations regarding the treatment or lack of?

Conclusion

· Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis statement.

· Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion and to leave a lasting impression and take-away points useful in nursing practice.

· Incorporate a critical appraisal and a brief analysis of the utility and applicability of the findings to nursing practice.

· Integrate a summary of the knowledge learned.

 

 

 

Quantitative Study

Background of Study:

· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.

· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.

· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.

· List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.

· Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem?

Methods of Study

· Identify the benefits and risks of participation addressed by the authors. Were there benefits or risks the authors do not identify?

· Was informed consent obtained from the subjects or participants?

· Did it seem that the subjects participated voluntarily in the study?

· Was institutional review board approval obtained from the agency in which the study was conducted?

· Are the major variables (independent and dependent variables) identified and defined? What were these variables?

· How were data collected in this study?

· What rationale did the author provide for using this data collection method?

· Identify the time period for data collection of the study.

· Describe the sequence of data collection events for a participant.

· Describe the data management and analysis methods used in the study.

· Did the author discuss how the rigor of the process was assured? For example, does the author describe maintaining a paper trail of critical decisions that were made during the analysis of the data? Was statistical software used to ensure accuracy of the analysis?

· What measures were used to minimize the effects of researcher bias (their experiences and perspectives)? For example, did two researchers independently analyze the data and compare their analyses?

Results of Study

· What is the researcher’s interpretation of findings?

· Are the findings valid or an accurate reflection of reality? Do you have confidence in the findings?

· What limitations of the study were identified by researchers?

· Was there a coherent logic to the presentation of findings?

· What implications do the findings have for nursing practice? For example, can the findings of the study be applied to general nursing practice, to a specific population, or to a specific area of nursing?

· What suggestions are made for further studies?

Ethical Considerations

· Was the study approved by an Institutional Review Board?

· Was patient privacy protected?

· Were there ethical considerations regarding the treatment or lack of?

Conclusion

· Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis statement.

· Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion and to leave a lasting impression and take-away points useful in nursing practice.

· Incorporate a critical appraisal and a brief analysis of the utility and applicability of the findings to nursing practice.

· Integrate a summary of the knowledge learned.

 

Reference

Burns, N., & Grove, S. (2011). Understanding nursing research (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

The first article talks about UTIs such as epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and the preferences available for the treatment. According to the article, there are indigenous sources of bacteria that cause CAUTI (Flores-Mireles et al., 2015). The contamination comes from the hands that are contaminated from the healthcare experts, meatal and vaginal colonization. The pathogens can pass through intraluminal route, extra luminal route or through the catheter from a bag that is contaminated. Introduction of the objects that are sterile has demonstrated a decrease in threat of bacteriuria in a closed urinary damage. Conversely, studies have demonstrated that bacteriuria can take place through the disruptions in the machines or through the extraluminal path (Flores-Mireles et al., 2015).

The other article focuses on reducing the urinary catheter usage and other approaches to avert catheter-connected urinary tract infection. The article provides qualitative highlights of some of the appropriate actions that a doctor must assume while executing the process of catheterization. When undertaking the supplement of the urinary catheter, a skilled professional should take extraordinary safeguards since speedy release of urine from the bladder may lead to hemorrhage. A clam needs to be out after every twenty minutes to permit more release of urine (Meddings et al., 2014).

Supporting Nursing Practice

The first article on urinary tract infections supports the nursing practice as it touches on the usage of the catheter. According to the article, people who urinate with the help of catheter have elevated risk of contracting UTIs (Flores-Mireles et al., 2015). Example of such group of people may include the people that are hospitalized as well as people who have neurological issues that make it hard to regulate their capacity to urinate and the paralyzed individuals. Having known that, it is important to take the necessary steps to decrease the threat of urinary tract infections. People can drink more liquid particularly water because it aids to dilute urine and confirms that one urinates regularly hence permitting the bacteria to be flushed from the urinary tract before the contamination can start (Flores-Mireles et al., 2015).

The next article that touches on the reduction of the urinary catheter usage and other approaches to deter urinary tract infection that are linked to catheter highlights optional approaches that are critical in the healthcare. It is the obligation of the healthcare providers to be aware that catheters may be in place through having catheter reminder intervention such as verbal or written reminder as well as checklist. The interventions can be initiated by nurses and can be targeted to remind the nurses of the catheter (Meddings et al., 2014).

Method of Study

The methods of study deployed by the two articles are review of the already existing literature through pointing out the necessary concepts that should be followed in the course of the study approach. The reviewed literatures can be accessed over the internet and one has the privilege to go through various articles that are relevant to the topic or issue in question (Flores-Mireles et al., 2015).

The most apparent value of reviewing literatures as a method of study is to evaluate the contemporary state of the research topic. After determining the area that needs to be worked on, conducting a search of relevant information is likely to assist in determining what is already known concerning the topic and to what extent the topic in question has been researched. However, the main problem with reviewing literature as the method of study is the fact that the process is not sufficiently critical. The objective of research is to make a contribution that is original hence contributing to the knowledge of humanity (Meddings et al., 2014).

Results of the Study

The study points out that the pathogens pass through the internal or the external routes through the catheter from a bag that is already contaminated. The pathogens can also travel along the external of the catheter in the shape of the mucous sheath (Flores-Mireles et al., 2015). However when an object that is sterile is introduced, there tend to be a reduction in the level of risk of bactariuria in a drainage system of a closed urinary. Different studies have mentioned that can be present through the breaks in the tools or external routes. At the end, there is a considerable percentage of daily risk of the bacteria in relation to catheterization (Flores-Mireles et al., 2015).

If nurses prolonged the process of catheterization then there is a huge likelihood that the pathogens from the urine will make the biofilms on the surface of the equipment. As days pass by, the microorganisms start to colonize the surface of the machine in a state that is immobile. Therefore, it becomes resistible to antimicrobials and that means that their riddance will not be possible without removal of the catheter. Therefore, that means that using catheter has considerable amount of setbacks brought about by its usage and this calls for alternative solutions to the menace (Flores-Mireles et al., 2015).

On the other hand, it is the obligation of a professional to take special considerations because the rapid drainage of the urine from the bladder is likely to lead to profuse bleeding. There is a general requirement that a clamp be unconstrained after every 15 minutes to enable release of the urine (Meddings et al., 2014). Depending on the progressive nursing administration, a clinician is required to measure and access the input of the urine in span of 1-4 hours and incase of any changes in the ordinary quantity of the urine which naturally is 1-2ml/kg/hr, then it is the responsibility of the doctor to report the issues to the health team that is around (Meddings et al., 2014). The physician is required to follow sterilization through the process as this helps in avoiding possible breaches of the closed system hence reducing the risks of infection that is catheter affiliated. A doctor is required to put the bag in the right position to prevent the backflow of urine and alternate the tube to inhibit possible backflow of the urine (Meddings et al., 2014).

On a larger extent, the two articles points out that taking the necessary precautions when dealing with the patients that have the catheter is critical to reduce the possibility of further infection.

Ethical Considerations

The first ethical consideration is respect of the privacy and invasion of the privacy can take place when private information such as the opinions, records or attitudes are shared between others devoid of the knowledge of the patient. A researcher must not decide on behalf of other people on the issues that are delicate. Vulnerable groups of persons are also an ethical consideration that needs to be considered as a possible ethical issue in the course of the research. The varied opinions concerning the taking part of these groups in research can be attributed to their inability to give informed consent and the need for further protection. The researchers in the article have taken these ethical issues into consideration as there are no vulnerable groups of people in the society that have been directly mentioned during the research and there is no privacy that has been disclosed in the course of the research.

References

Flores-Mireles, A. L., Walker, J. N., Caparon, M., & Hultgren, S. J. (2015). Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 13(5), 269-284. doi:10.1038/nrmicro3432

Meddings, J., Rogers, M. A., Krein, S. L., Fakih, M. G., Olmsted, R. N., & Saint, S. (2014). Reducing unnecessary urinary catheter use and other strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection: an integrative review. BMJ Quality & Safety, 23(4), 277-289. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3960353/

We will process your orders through multiple stages and checks to ensure that what we are delivering to you, in the end, is something that is precise as you envisioned it. All of our essay writing service products are 100% original, ensuring that there is no plagiarism in them. The sources are well-researched and cited so it is interesting. Our goal is to help as many students as possible with their assignments, i.e. our prices are affordable and services premium.

Looking for a Similar Assignment? Order a custom-written, plagiarism-free paper

 WhatsApp

Your assignment woes end here!